Stock-Based Compensation Plans |
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| Stock-Based Compensation Plans |
11. Stock-Based Compensation Plans
2013 Omnibus Equity Incentive Plan
The Company’s Board of Directors adopted the 2013 Plan, which became effective upon the Company’s IPO. In February 2017, the Board of Directors amended and restated the 2013 Plan, which was approved by the Company’s stockholders in May 2017. Grants are made from time to time by the compensation committee of the Company’s Board of Directors at its discretion, subject to certain restrictions as to the number and value of shares that may be granted to any individual. In addition, non-employee directors receive annual grants under a director compensation policy. At December 31, 2022, there were 3,806,730 shares available for future grants under the 2013 Plan.
Awards Granted and Settled
Under the 2013 Plan, the Company has issued RSAs to non-employee directors and RSUs to employees and independent contractors. RSAs vest over a one-year period from the date of grant subject to service requirements. RSUs generally vest in equal annual installments over a five-year period from the date of grant or earlier as approved by the compensation committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. Any unvested awards are canceled upon termination as a service provider. As of December 31, 2022, there were no issued or outstanding options, SARs, performance units or performance share awards under the 2013 Plan.
During the year ended December 31, 2022, 292,953 shares of RSUs and 13,323 of previously issued RSAs vested. 86,049 shares of common stock were withheld to pay applicable required employee statutory withholding taxes based on the market value of the shares on the vesting date. The shares withheld for taxes were returned to the share reserve and are available for future issuance in accordance with provisions of the 2013 Plan. Unvested RSUs will be settled through the issuance of new shares of common stock.
Outstanding Awards
Activity under the 2013 Plan consisted of the following (dollars in thousands, except weighted average per share data):
As of December 31, 2022, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation relating to RSUs and RSAs of approximately $60.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.77 years.
The aggregate fair value of RSUs and RSAs that vested were $13.4 million, $10.2 million, and $8.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
The fair value of fully vested DSUs that settled was $13.4 million, $2.4 million and $0 million for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. See “SARs and DSUs” section below and Note 14 – “Earnings per Share” for additional information.
ESPP
In 2013, the Company adopted the ESPP. The ESPP is intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code and provides for consecutive, non-overlapping 6-month offering periods. The offering periods generally start on the first trading day on or after May 15 and November 15 of each year. Qualifying employees may purchase shares of the Company stock at a 10% discount based on the lower of the market price at the beginning or end of the offering period, subject to Internal Revenue Service limitations. The Company determined that the ESPP was a compensatory plan and is required to expense the fair value of the awards over each 6-month offering period.
The ESPP initially had 366,667 shares of common stock reserved, and 136,912 shares of common stock remain available for issuance as of December 31, 2022. The ESPP provides for annual increases in the number of shares available for issuance under the ESPP, equal to the least of (i) 366,667 shares, (ii) 1% of the outstanding shares on such date, or (iii) an amount determined by the compensation committee of the Board of Directors. No annual increases have been made to
date. At December 31, 2022, total unrecognized compensation cost related to the ESPP was $83,000 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.37 years.
SARs and DSUs
Prior to the IPO, certain employees were granted SARs. As of March 31, 2013, the outstanding SARs were frozen at the liability amount, and will be paid out to each participant in installments upon retirement or departure under the terms of the revised SARs agreements. To replace beneficial ownership in the SARs, the difference between the book value liability and the fair value of the awards was granted to plan participants in the form of DSUs, which were fully vested upon receipt and will be settled in actual stock at a rate of 20% per year if the participant remains employed by the Company during that period (otherwise all unsettled shares of stock upon termination from service will be settled five years from the termination date, unless otherwise agreed to by the Company). In the event of death or termination of service after reaching the age of 67, 100% of the DSUs will be settled. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2022, 281,193 DSUs were settled, and 120,341 shares of common stock were withheld to pay applicable required employee statutory withholding taxes based on the market value of the DSUs on the settlement date. As of December 31, 2022, all DSUs were fully vested and settled.
Summary of Stock-Based Compensation
Components of stock-based compensation are included in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations and consisted of the following (in thousands):
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